Nightingale Physiology Practice Test

These questions are part of the practice quiz. Start practicing

• The female reproductive system differs from the male primarily in that it provides protection and nutrition to the developing offspring.
• Which level of protein structure refers to the number, kind, and sequence of amino acids?
• During muscle relaxation, which ion is pumped back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum?
• Standard atmospheric pressure is expressed as how many millimeters of mercury?
• All of the following cranial nerves are involved in proprioception except:
• Which hormones regulate blood volume?
• The phenomenon where genetic traits of a species defend against certain pathogens is called
• Visceroceptors are located in which of the following?
• Digestive enzymes are best described as which type of enzymes?
• Prostaglandins and steroids share which characteristic?
• Which substances enter the lymphatic capillaries after digestion?
• Rank the body fluid compartments by total volume from highest to lowest.
• Which organ is known for defense, hematopoiesis, destruction of old red blood cells and platelets, and acting as a blood reservoir?
• The immediate renal effect of increased aldosterone secretion is to:
• Water normally leaves the body through a fixed number of exits. Which of the following is one of those exits?
• Binding of a neurotransmitter to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane results in which of the following?
• Water normally leaves the body through four exits. Which of the following is one of those exits?
• No impulse can be sent through a neuron during which period?
• Depression is linked to deficits in the brain synapses of which chemical class?
• The lateral corticospinal tract primarily contributes to voluntary movement of limbs on which side relative to the body?
• Which joint type allows the greatest range of motion?
• Cross bridges are also called
• Which organ processes nutrients absorbed from the GI tract via the portal vein?
• Which statement correctly describes mechanical digestion in the esophagus?
• Which joints allow for the most movement?
• Which processes of mechanical digestion involve the esophagus?
• Which statement best describes spatial summation?
• Of the pathogenic organisms, which are most complex?
• Intrinsic control is sometimes called autoregulation.
• Which of the following is not true of a receptor potential?
• During the post-menstrual phase estrogen rise produces all the following uterine changes except:
• Dalton's law states that the partial pressure of a gas in a mixture is directly related to the concentration of that gas in the mixture and to what other factor?
• Which joint involves the articulation between the humerus and scapula?
• After activation by an antigen presented by an APC, T cells proliferate to form which clones?
• In intramembranous ossification, appositional growth refers to which process?
• Which two brain structures work together to produce skilled movement?
• Aldosterone's renal action primarily results in increased reabsorption of which ion?
• Which of the following is part of the male reproductive system's supporting structures?
• Normal infants will show the Babinski reflex up to the age of
• Which statement best defines the characteristics of an isometric contraction?
• A person with a fractured patella would experience discomfort in which joint?
• Which substances are transported together by the sodium-glucose cotransport mechanism in the GI mucosa?
• What is the first event that occurs when a neuron receives a stimulus that is not strong enough to cause an action potential?
• When the chromosomes align themselves across the equator of the spindle fibers, it is characteristic of which phase of mitosis
• Cross-bridges are formed by which molecular component?
• Refers to a phenomenon in which the genetic characteristics common to a particular kind of organism provide defense against certain pathogens.
• Which hormone stimulates the growth of ovarian follicles?
• Which muscles are used for forced expiration?
• Which base pairing is correct in DNA?
• Which tissue forms a protective outer layer of the skin?
• Which of the following is not a characteristic of connective tissue?
• The statement 'The humerus articulates proximally with the clavicle' is true.
• Which process produces the maximum energy from each glucose molecule?
• Which bicarbonate to carbonic acid ratio maintains normal pH?
• If the ventral nerve root of a spinal nerve were destroyed, a person would lose which function?
• Which option is not listed as a mechanism for maintaining acid-base balance?
• If alveolar ventilation decreases, what happens to the amount of oxygen that diffuses into the blood per minute?
• Homeostasis can best be described as:
• Which statement best characterizes DNA?
• The hypodermis primarily functions to:
• Transcription refers to which process?
• To maintain acid-base balance, which processes are necessary?
• Visceroceptors are primarily located in which tissues?
• A structural lipid found in the cell membrane is a:
• Which statement correctly describes RNA in terms of Uracil vs thymine?
• Which of the following is NOT a primary function performed by bones?
• The pre-ganglionic neurons of both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions release which neurotransmitter?
• The joint type that allows for opposition is the:
• Extensive weight training causes the muscle cells to
• Glycogen is sometimes referred to as which of the following?
• Phagocytosis is an example of
• If osteoclast activity increases, what happens to blood calcium?
• Spatial summation involves which concept?
• Which stimulus can initiate the cephalic phase of digestion?
• Which neuron would transmit the fastest nerve impulse?
• Biot's breathing is most often seen with which condition?
• The cells responsible for active erosion of bone minerals are called:
• Which type of feedback amplifies a process, such as the progression of labor?
• A _____ is a functional group that is temporarily unattached and highly reactive because of unpaired electrons.
• Which type of tissue has the greatest capacity to regenerate?
• Which of the following is NOT a cause of physiological muscle fatigue?
• Which of the following is not an opening that must be blocked when food moves from the pharynx to the esophagus?
• Which phase of gastric secretion is triggered by the presence of food in the stomach?
• The major hormone produced by the corpus luteum is which hormone?
• If a DNA strand reads ATCG, what is the complementary strand sequence?
• Which sugar is found in DNA?
• Which phase of gastric secretion is stimulated by the sight, taste, and smell of food?
• Cholecystokinin has which of the following effects?
• A condition characterized by abnormal roundness in the thoracic curvature is called?
• Which statement best describes receptor potentials?
• Where does translation occur in a typical eukaryotic cell?
• Which solution would have the greatest concentration of hydrogen ions?
• Which transport mechanism describes a carrier protein binding a solute, changing shape, and releasing it on the other side of the membrane?
• The fastest nerve fibers conduct impulses up to approximately how many meters per second?
• Which statement best describes the diaphysis of a long bone?
• Which hormone is primarily responsible for milk ejection from the mammary glands?
• Which organ has several functions including defense, hematopoiesis, destruction of red blood cells and platelets, and acting as a blood reservoir?
• The parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions always act with a cooperative influence, and through summation of impulses, the effects can be increased.
• Which substance is used by the body as a neurotransmitter?
• Which hormone acts as a messenger that triggers the release of digestive hormones in the intestinal mucosa?
• Which is the main polysaccharide in the body, sometimes referred to as animal starch?
• Which of the following is not one of the major groups of organic substances in the human body?
• Bean shaped structures located at certain intervals along the lymphatic system are called
• By the time the blood leaves the pulmonary capillaries to return to the heart, what percent of the hemoglobin is bound with oxygen?
• Which blood vessel carries absorbed nutrients from the GI tract to the liver?
• Which is not an example of mechanical digestion?
• Which ossicle is nearest to the tympanic membrane?
• Which structure is the bean-shaped lymphatic structure along the lymphatic system?
• Which gland contributes an alkaline component to semen that helps sperm viability?
• Which tissue is most likely to form a keloid scar as it heals?
• Which level of protein structure is defined by the folding of the polypeptide chain into a compact form stabilized by interactions among side chains?
• Activities that result in central movement or flow of lymph are called
• Cellulose is a residue of digestion that comes from which macronutrient category?
• Which statement about nucleic acids is true?
• Of the 11 major body systems, which is the least involved in maintaining homeostasis?
• Which description best characterizes smooth muscle tissue?
• If the secretion of oxytocin during childbirth operates as a negative feedback control loop, what effect would it have on uterine contraction?
• Which anatomical feature enables saltatory conduction in myelinated axons?
• If osteoblast activity increases, which change occurs?
• Which statement best describes the effect of glucagon on hepatic glucose production?
• Which of the following is a powerful poison that act directly on any cell and quickly kills it
• Glucose moves from the gastrointestinal tract into the circulatory system by which mechanism?
• Which hormone from the anterior pituitary stimulates thyroid hormone production?
• Which statement best describes diffusion of oxygen across the respiratory membrane?
• Which molecule is identified as the messenger causing release of digestive hormones in the intestinal mucosa?
• Stretching the foot downward and backward and pointing the toes is called
• In arterial blood, approximately what percent by volume of oxygen is present?
• During the near response, which movement of the eyes occurs to align both foci?
• What is the name of impulse conduction when current leaps across a myelin sheath from node to node?
• The activation of a T cell by an antigen-presenting cell leads to the formation of which cells?
• Which of the following is not considered a transcellular fluid?
• Which statement about epithelial tissue is true?
• Starting at the tympanic membrane and ending at the oval window, what is the correct sequence of auditory ossicles?
• A synaptic knob is located on which part of the neuron?
• Compared with the outside of a neuron, the inside at rest is what charge?
• Which of the following are classified as an acid forming food?
• What is the primary organ of the lymphatic system?
• If the oxygen partial pressure gradient across the respiratory membrane increases, what is the expected effect on oxygen diffusion into the blood?
• Dalton's law relates the partial pressure of a gas to what factors?
• Which tissue lines the interior of body cavities?
• Adaptive immunity is part of the body's third line of defense and is orchestrated by which class of white blood cells?
• Impulses sent over which tract could result in voluntary movement, especially of the hands, fingers, feet, and toes of the opposite side?
• The shoulder joint is formed by the articulation between the humerus and which bone?
• The major function of the reproductive system is to propagate the species.
• During isometric contraction, the muscle can resist external force without changing length. Which description matches this concept?
• Which statement about FSH is NOT true?
• Movement of hair cells in the organ of Corti against which membrane stimulates nerve impulses?
• What term describes the sharpness of vision?
• Which term describes the body's tendency to maintain stability within a narrow range?
• Which term best describes a regulatory mechanism that operates within a tissue or organ independently of external signals?
• Which phase of mitosis is characterized by chromosome alignment along the metaphase plate?
• The regulation of acid-base balance refers to the control of which ion concentration?
• In glycoproteins, which component is dominant in the structure?
• Which tissue is the primary component of the hypodermis, associated with fat storage?
• Which statement describes a function of epithelial tissue?
• In the epithelial plate, the zone of hypertrophy is located in which layer?
• What happens to bone density after age 50?
• Which of the following is a disaccharide?
• The parasympathetic division, compared to the sympathetic division, generally:
• Which hormone is responsible for causing milk to be ejected from the mammary glands into the ducts?
• Which protein interferes with the ability of viruses to cause disease?
• Which statement accurately describes a neuron at resting potential?
• The process of fat emulsification consists of which of the following?
• Which statement about diffusion is true?
• Which body location is not usually affected by edema?
• Which type of fibers are associated with sharp, localized pain?
• What are the two most important functions of the lymphatic system?
• Which infectious agent is composed only of protein and contains no nucleic acid?
• A molecule that contains an amino group, a carboxyl group, and a distinctive side chain is an
• The functions of the lymph nodes are
• Intracellular parasites consisting of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat and sometimes by a lipoprotein envelope are called
• Which tract crosses to control contralateral limb movement and is strongly associated with voluntary motor control?
• Within a lymph node, the dense outer ring surrounding a germinal center is called the
• Which action accompanies the construction of the pupils during the near response?
• During the relative refractory period, the action potential can be initiated with a strong stimulus.
• Depression can be caused by a deficit in brain synapses of which chemical class?
• Which term is synonymous with tumor?
• Sympathetic responses generally have widespread effects on the body because
• Which tissue forms glands that secrete substances in and out of the body?
• Which of the following is a protein substance with no DNA or RNA and is thought to be the cause of mad cow disease?
• Which phase of mitosis is characterized by chromosomes lining up along the center of the cell?
• The preganglionic neurons of the autonomic nervous system are classified as which type of neuron in terms of neurotransmitter?
• Which substances are absorbed into the lymphatic system from the GI tract?
• Which condition would have the greatest accelerating effect on the dissociation of oxygen from hemoglobin?
• The major function of the parasympathetic division is to serve as an "emergency" system.
• Adaptive immunity is orchestrated by two different classes of which white blood cell?
• Accommodation for near vision: what happens to the lens?
• Which protein molecule has heads jetting out for cross-bridging?
• Bone acts as a reservoir for which mineral?
• Which brain region directly influences or inhibits the release of hormones from the pituitary?
• Diffusion requires which of the following?
• Which type of breathing is characterized by repeated sequences of deep gasps and apnea and is often associated with increased intracranial pressure?
• The ventral nerve root carries which type of nerve fibers?
• Which of the following is not a function of Sertoli cells?
• The sarcomere region that contains the entire length of thick filaments is the:
• Which of the following is a function of the ocular motor nerve?
• Hematopoiesis is carried out in which tissue?
• The medullary cavity enlarges during bone growth due to the activity of which cells?
• The formation of sucrose involves removal of a water molecule. This is called
• Cholecystokinin has which of the following actions?
• If one side of DNA is CTAGGCTG, the other side would be
• Which of the following is NOT a non-steroid hormone?
• Which statement best describes a key difference in reproductive system function between sexes?
• The heart begins beating in the fetus at about how many weeks of development?
• Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is not part of which fluid category?
• In terms of function, which is considered to be the most immovable joint?
• What is the maximum conduction velocity of the fastest nerve fibers?
• Which event contributes to bone density decline after age 50?
• Which term means self-immunity?
• The clear and potassium-rich fluid that fills the labyrinth is:
• The hormone that causes the alveoli of the mammary gland to secrete milk is
• Which force is primarily responsible for pulling water into capillaries from the interstitial space?
• Chemotaxis is best described as
• Where does transcription occur in eukaryotic cells?
• The first event in muscle relaxation?
• Which term describes an isometric contraction?
• In a synapse, neurotransmitters released bind to what on the postsynaptic neuron?
• Blood viscosity stems mainly from the red blood cells but also partly from the ____ in blood.
• A decrease in white blood cells is called what?
• Which of the following helps determine the amount of oxygen that diffuses into the blood each minute?
• A potent toxin that acts directly on cells to kill them is
• Which membrane pump maintains Na+ and K+ distributions across the neuron membrane at rest?
• Audition is the function of which cerebral lobe?
• Which statement accurately describes erythropoietin?
• Which cell activity deposits calcium into bone, lowering blood calcium?
• The ulna articulates proximally with which bone?
• Which factors promote the return of venous blood to the heart?
• Leukopenia is best defined as which of the following?
• One of the few hormones that functions on a positive feedback loop is:
• Clearness or sharpness of visual perception is known as
• Thick myofilaments extend the length of which sarcomere band?
• The cranial nerve that innervates the floor of the pelvic cavity is named after which region?
• In the growth plate, hypertrophy lies between which two zones?
• In the organ of Corti, hair cells move against which membrane to stimulate nerve impulses?
• During which phase of mitosis do centrioles move to opposite poles of the cell?
• Which class of molecules includes DNA and RNA?
• Vital capacity is defined as which of the following?
• Which of the following are functions associated with the ocular motor nerve?
• Glycoprotein hormone that is secreted to increase oxygen concentration in the tissues is
• Cortisol is classified as which type of hormone?
• What is the term for a small, localized change in membrane potential that does not propagate along the membrane?
• Which protein found in myofilaments contains the cross-bridges?
• The difference between systolic and diastolic pressure is called what?
• Amino acids frequently become joined by
• 23 chromosomes per cell in humans is referred to as
• The alpha helix is an example of which level of protein structure?
• Sertoli cells do not produce which hormone?
• Which type of lymphocytes kill many types of tumor cells and infected cells by various viruses?
• Basement membrane, also known as basal lamina, is composed of molecules produced by which tissues?
• Which fluid compartment is extracellular?
• Which joint allows for opposition?
• The stimulation of the vagus nerve that slows heart rate is called what?
• The gland that secretes an alkaline substance that constitutes about 30% of seminal fluid is the
• Which type of muscles do not have t-tubules?
• Which tissue type is primarily responsible for binding tissues and forming the extracellular matrix?
• The reaction that forms a disaccharide from two monosaccharides involves removal of water; this is an example of which process?
• Which hormone triggers ovulation by causing the rupture of the ovarian follicle?
• During which phase of a twitch contraction is calcium released into the sarcoplasm?
• Which option describes prions most accurately?
• When the effect of filtration pressure equals zero, which statement best describes water movement between blood and interstitial fluid?
• Which antidepressant acts by blocking monoamine oxidase (MAO)?
• CSF circulates through the ventricles, into the central canal and which space before being absorbed into the blood?
• The nerves that innervate the floor of the pelvic cavity and surrounding areas are the
• The term 'blood type' refers to the type of what on red blood cells?
• The cerebellum acts with which structure to produce skilled movement?
• Which organ contracts in response to cholecystokinin?
• Which statement best describes the function of glucagon?
• Which statement about the Na+/K+ pump is NOT true?
• Hematopoiesis occurs in which type of marrow?
• Epidemiology is the study of
• Which statement about epithelial tissue describes a functional property?
• Peptide bonds join together which type of molecules?
• Blood volume per kilogram of body weight varies inversely with what?
• Edema is defined as fluid accumulation in which spaces?
• The functions of lymph nodes include
• Which class of lipids includes hormones such as estrogen and testosterone?
• Which element is present in all proteins but not carbohydrates?
• Which structure is primarily responsible for calcium storage in muscle cells?
• Which is a characteristic of RNA?
• Which statement describes a function of connective tissue?
• Which type of bone growth adds tissue to the outer surface to increase diameter?
• Which cranial nerve primarily controls movement of the majority of the external eye muscles?
• Recognition of antigens by antibodies occurs when
• Excessive fluid in the pleural cavity would most likely cause which of the following changes in lung function?
• Which statement about enzymes is not true?
• Which plexus contains fibers from the thoracic region of the spinal cord?
• Calcification of the organic bone matrix occurs when which of the following happens?
• Which statement best describes filtration and osmosis across capillaries?
• Glycoproteins are composed of which two components, and which component is dominant?
• Within a lymphoid follicle, the less dense area surrounded by packed lymphocytes is called the
• When the adrenal cortex is stimulated to increase its secretion of aldosterone, the first thing that happens is a(n):
• Which fluid compartment contains the largest portion of total body water?
• When the kidneys secrete hydrogen ions, a primarily reabsorbs ions. Which ion is primarily reabsorbed?
• Chemotaxis is the process by which a cell navigates toward the source of chemotactic factor by way of
• Which term describes a joint with no movement?
• The amino group in a amino acid is
• The lipids that form hormones such as cortisone, estrogen and testosterone are: